Hàn Mig – Mag là phương pháp hàn thuộc nhóm phương pháp GMAW sử dụng nguồn nhiệt từ hồ quang cháy giữa dây điện cực rắn cấp liên tục nhờ một bộ cấp dây cú tốc độ không đổi. Vũng chảy hình thành được bảo vệ bằng dòng khí trơ (MIG) hoặc dòng khí hoạt hóa (MAG). Phương pháp này cũng được gọi là hàn bán tự động, tuy nhiên tên gọi đó khụng chính xác.Trong công nghiệp hàn MAG với khí bảo vệ CO2 thường gọi là hàn dây hoặc hàn CO2

Sơ đồ lắp thiết bị hàn (GMAW tổng quát) MIG – MAG điển hình

Trang bị quan trọng nhất là súng hàn nó đảm nhiệm các chức năng như cấp dòng điện hàn cho dây hàn thông qua ống tiếp xúc (tube contact) , khí bảo vệ qua mỏ phun (nozzle) và hệ thống giải nhiệt súng hàn khi cần thiết.

Trang bị thứ hai là bộ cấp dây hàn (wire feeder) có tốc độ ổn định ở các giá trị xác lập. Tùy loại dây hàn có thể dùng bộ cấp dây hai con lăn (2-rolls) hoặc bốn con lăn (4 – rolls). Bồ cấp dây có thể rời hoặc lắp sẳn vào nguồn điện hàn. Chức năng của bộ cấp dây là duy trì quá trình cháy tự động của hồ quang sau khi mồi.

Máy hàn dựng trong phương pháp GMAW thường cú đặc tính áp không đổi CV – constant Voltage. Khi hàn CO2để giảm văng toé và ổn định hồ quang thường lắp thêm các cuộn kháng để kiểm soát tốc độ và dòng ngắn mạch.

Đặc điểm

Hàn MIG – MAG núi riêng và hàn GMAW núi chung là phương pháp áp khụng đổi (CV) đặc trưng bằng các phương thức chuyển dịch kim loại trong hồ quang hàn

Các phương thức chuyển dịch kim loại GMAW

Dịch chuyển : Chuyển dịch cầu ,Chuyển dịch phun,Chuyển dịch xoáy(2),Chuyển dịch xung ,Chuyển dịch ngắm mạch,Chuyển dịch hồ quang ngắn (1),(1) thiết kế độc quyền của SAF (2)Chỉ ỏp dụng hàn tự động,Cường độ.Ba kiểu chuyển dịch cơ bản là ngắn mạch, cầu và phun . Gần đây các kiểu chuyển dịch tiên tiến như chuyển dịch sức căng bề mặt , chuyển dịch xoáy đã được áp dụng trong các thiết bị GMAW tư động.Các kiểu chuyển dịch phụ thuộc vào các đặc trưng dây đắp và môi trường khí bảo vệ. Hình mô tả đặc trưng nóng chảy và các kiểu chuyển dịch của dây nhôm và thép khi hàn MIG (Chỉ số oxy hóa nhỏ hơn 2%).

Chuyển dịch phun và chuyển dịch cầu

Khi môi trường khí có tính oxy hoá (CO2) hoặc tính khử cao (Helium) thì chuyển dịch cầu chiếm ưu thế. Trong kiểu chuyển dịch này các giọt kim loại nóng chảy có dạng cầu kích thước bất định được tách ra từ dây hàn bay tự do sang vũng chảy do vậy hiện tượng văng tóe rất nghiêm trọng. Có thể hạn chế văng tóe bằng cách hiệu chỉnh các thông số hàn thích hợp sao cho hồ quang gần như cháy ngầm trong vũng chảy (buried arc) bằng cách dựng khí trộn argon + CO2 ở tỉ lệ thích hợp. Khi hàn MIG thì helium cũng cú tác động như khí CO2 khi hàn MAG.

Kiểu chuyển dịch cầu có năng lượng hàn cao, độ ổn định hồ quang thấp, mối hàn rộng, ngấu sâu, tuy nhiên lượng văng tóe cao, mối hàn dễ bị bọt khí. Tăng tỉ lệ argon trong khí trộn là giải pháp cần thiết khi áp dụng kiểu chuyển dịch này.

Chuyển dịch cầu chỉ phự hợp với tư thế hàn phẳng và hàn góc ngang.

 

 

 

 

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